diff --git a/flake.nix b/flake.nix
index 4492e28..6656094 100644
--- a/flake.nix
+++ b/flake.nix
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@
         devShells.nemu = pkgs.mkShell {
           packages = with pkgs; [
             clang-tools
-            gdb
           ];
           inputsFrom = [
             self.packages.${system}.nemu
diff --git a/nemu/.result.tmp b/nemu/.result.tmp
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/nemu/Kconfig b/nemu/Kconfig
index ae1921f..9243aba 100644
--- a/nemu/Kconfig
+++ b/nemu/Kconfig
@@ -143,11 +143,8 @@ config TRACE_END
 
 config ITRACE
   depends on TRACE && TARGET_NATIVE_ELF && ENGINE_INTERPRETER
-  bool "Enable instruction tracing"
+  bool "Enable instruction tracer"
   default y
-  help
-    Instraction tracing will log past instructions into a ring buffer
-    and print them when NEMU exit unexpectedly.
 
 config ITRACE_COND
   depends on ITRACE
@@ -161,8 +158,8 @@ config ITRACE_BUFFER
 
 config MTRACE
   depends on TRACE && TARGET_NATIVE_ELF && ENGINE_INTERPRETER
-  bool "Enable memory tracing"
-  default n
+  bool "Enable memory tracer"
+
 
 config MTRACE_RANGE
   depends on MTRACE
@@ -177,21 +174,6 @@ config MTRACE_RANGE_MAX
   int "Max range count in MTRACE_RANGE"
   default 10
 
-config FTRACE
-  depends on TRACE && TARGET_NATIVE_ELF && ENGINE_INTERPRETER
-  bool "Enable function tracing"
-  default y
-
-config FTRACE_STACK_SIZE
-  depends on FTRACE
-  int "Max function track stack size"
-  default 100
-
-config FTRACE_LOG
-  depends on FTRACE
-  bool "Print log when entering a funciton"
-  default n
-
 config DIFFTEST
   depends on TARGET_NATIVE_ELF
   bool "Enable differential testing"
diff --git a/nemu/include/common.h b/nemu/include/common.h
index 08a46e5..fbffaa5 100644
--- a/nemu/include/common.h
+++ b/nemu/include/common.h
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
 #define __COMMON_H__
 
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include <generated/autoconf.h>
 #include <macro.h>
-#include <types.h>
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_TARGET_AM
 #include <klib.h>
@@ -31,6 +31,23 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #endif
 
+#if CONFIG_MBASE + CONFIG_MSIZE > 0x100000000ul
+#define PMEM64 1
+#endif
+
+typedef MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA64, uint64_t, uint32_t) word_t;
+typedef MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA64, int64_t, int32_t)  sword_t;
+static const word_t WORD_T_MAX = MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA64, UINT64_MAX, UINT32_MAX);
+static const sword_t SWORD_T_MAX = MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA64, INT64_MAX, INT32_MAX);
+static const sword_t SWORD_T_MIN = MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA64, INT64_MIN, INT32_MIN);
+#define WORD_BYTES MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA64, 8, 4)
+#define FMT_WORD MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA64, "0x%016" PRIx64, "0x%08" PRIx32)
+
+typedef word_t vaddr_t;
+typedef MUXDEF(PMEM64, uint64_t, uint32_t) paddr_t;
+#define FMT_PADDR MUXDEF(PMEM64, "0x%016" PRIx64, "0x%08" PRIx32)
+typedef uint16_t ioaddr_t;
+
 #include <debug.h>
 
 #endif
diff --git a/nemu/include/debug.h b/nemu/include/debug.h
index 3aae781..057f8bf 100644
--- a/nemu/include/debug.h
+++ b/nemu/include/debug.h
@@ -16,11 +16,10 @@
 #ifndef __DEBUG_H__
 #define __DEBUG_H__
 
+#include <common.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <utils.h>
 
-IFDEF(CONFIG_ITRACE, void log_itrace_print());
-
 #define Trace(format, ...) \
     _Log("[TRACE] " format "\n", ## __VA_ARGS__)
 
diff --git a/nemu/include/ftrace.h b/nemu/include/ftrace.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 9fcf28a..0000000
--- a/nemu/include/ftrace.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef __FUNC_DEF_H__
-#define __FUNC_DEF_H__
-#include <common.h>
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE
-typedef struct {
-  vaddr_t start;
-  vaddr_t len;
-  char * name;
-} func_t;
-
-extern func_t *func_table;
-void ftrace_call(vaddr_t, vaddr_t);
-void ftrace_return(vaddr_t, vaddr_t);
-// const char *get_func_name(vaddr_t addr);
-#endif
-
-#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nemu/include/macro.h b/nemu/include/macro.h
index 47f11b0..8aa38f8 100644
--- a/nemu/include/macro.h
+++ b/nemu/include/macro.h
@@ -92,8 +92,6 @@
 
 #define PG_ALIGN __attribute((aligned(4096)))
 
-#define FAILED_GOTO(tag, exp) do {if((exp)) goto tag;} while(0)
-
 #if !defined(likely)
 #define likely(cond)   __builtin_expect(cond, 1)
 #define unlikely(cond) __builtin_expect(cond, 0)
diff --git a/nemu/include/types.h b/nemu/include/types.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 364f2ed..0000000
--- a/nemu/include/types.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef __TYPES_H__
-#define __TYPES_H__
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <macro.h>
-#if CONFIG_MBASE + CONFIG_MSIZE > 0x100000000ul
-#define PMEM64 1
-#endif
-
-typedef MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA64, uint64_t, uint32_t) word_t;
-typedef MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA64, int64_t, int32_t)  sword_t;
-static const word_t WORD_T_MAX = MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA64, UINT64_MAX, UINT32_MAX);
-static const sword_t SWORD_T_MAX = MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA64, INT64_MAX, INT32_MAX);
-static const sword_t SWORD_T_MIN = MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA64, INT64_MIN, INT32_MIN);
-#define WORD_BYTES MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA64, 8, 4)
-#define FMT_WORD MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA64, "0x%016" PRIx64, "0x%08" PRIx32)
-
-typedef word_t vaddr_t;
-typedef MUXDEF(PMEM64, uint64_t, uint32_t) paddr_t;
-#define FMT_PADDR MUXDEF(PMEM64, "0x%016" PRIx64, "0x%08" PRIx32)
-typedef uint16_t ioaddr_t;
-#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nemu/include/utils.h b/nemu/include/utils.h
index f974584..59bc9df 100644
--- a/nemu/include/utils.h
+++ b/nemu/include/utils.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #ifndef __UTILS_H__
 #define __UTILS_H__
 
-#include <types.h>
+#include <common.h>
 
 // ----------- state -----------
 
@@ -74,4 +74,7 @@ uint64_t get_time();
   } while (0)
 
 
+IFDEF(CONFIG_ITRACE, void log_itrace_print());
+
+
 #endif
diff --git a/nemu/src/cpu/cpu-exec.c b/nemu/src/cpu/cpu-exec.c
index 1e402ab..72e1265 100644
--- a/nemu/src/cpu/cpu-exec.c
+++ b/nemu/src/cpu/cpu-exec.c
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 * See the Mulan PSL v2 for more details.
 ***************************************************************************************/
 
-#include <utils.h>
+#include "utils.h"
 #include <cpu/cpu.h>
 #include <cpu/decode.h>
 #include <cpu/difftest.h>
diff --git a/nemu/src/isa/riscv32/inst.c b/nemu/src/isa/riscv32/inst.c
index 41c2098..b7aeac5 100644
--- a/nemu/src/isa/riscv32/inst.c
+++ b/nemu/src/isa/riscv32/inst.c
@@ -13,14 +13,11 @@
  * See the Mulan PSL v2 for more details.
  ***************************************************************************************/
 
-#include <common.h>
+#include "common.h"
 #include "local-include/reg.h"
-#include "macro.h"
 #include <cpu/cpu.h>
 #include <cpu/ifetch.h>
 #include <cpu/decode.h>
-#include <ftrace.h>
-#include <utils.h>
 
 #define R(i) gpr(i)
 #define Mr vaddr_read
@@ -62,16 +59,6 @@ static void do_branch(Decode *s, bool condition, word_t offset) {
   }
 }
 
-static void ftrace_jalr(Decode *s, int rd, vaddr_t dst) {
-  uint32_t i = s->isa.inst.val;
-  int rs1 = BITS(i, 19, 15);
-  if(rs1 == 1 && rd == 0) {
-    ftrace_return(s->pc, dst);
-  } else {
-    ftrace_call(s->pc, dst);
-  }
-}
-
 static int decode_exec(Decode *s) {
   int rd = 0;
   word_t src1 = 0, src2 = 0, imm = 0;
@@ -87,12 +74,8 @@ static int decode_exec(Decode *s) {
   INSTPAT("??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? 01101 11", lui    , U, R(rd) = imm);
   INSTPAT("??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? 00101 11", auipc  , U, R(rd) = s->pc + imm);
 
-  INSTPAT("??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? 11011 11", jal    , J, do {
-    s->dnpc = s->pc + imm; R(rd) = s->pc + 4;
-    IFDEF(CONFIG_FTRACE, ftrace_call(s->pc, s->pc + imm)); } while(0));
-  INSTPAT("??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? 11001 11", jalr   , I, do {
-    s->dnpc = src1 + imm; R(rd) = s->pc + 4; 
-    IFDEF(CONFIG_FTRACE, ftrace_jalr(s, rd, src1 + imm)); } while(0));
+  INSTPAT("??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? 11011 11", jal    , J, do {s->dnpc = s->pc + imm; R(rd) = s->pc + 4; } while(0));
+  INSTPAT("??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? 11001 11", jalr   , I, do {s->dnpc = src1 + imm; R(rd) = s->pc + 4; } while(0));
   INSTPAT("??????? ????? ????? 000 ????? 11000 11", beq    , B, do_branch(s, src1 == src2, imm));
   INSTPAT("??????? ????? ????? 001 ????? 11000 11", bne    , B, do_branch(s, src1 != src2, imm));
   INSTPAT("??????? ????? ????? 100 ????? 11000 11", blt    , B, do_branch(s, (sword_t)src1 < (sword_t)src2, imm));
diff --git a/nemu/src/monitor/monitor.c b/nemu/src/monitor/monitor.c
index 6755edf..2279ca0 100644
--- a/nemu/src/monitor/monitor.c
+++ b/nemu/src/monitor/monitor.c
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 
 #include <isa.h>
 #include <memory/paddr.h>
-#include <utils.h>
 
 void init_rand();
 void init_log(const char *log_file);
@@ -41,7 +40,6 @@ static void welcome() {
 void sdb_set_batch_mode();
 
 static char *log_file = NULL;
-static char *elf_file = NULL;
 static char *diff_so_file = NULL;
 static char *img_file = NULL;
 static int difftest_port = 1234;
@@ -74,7 +72,6 @@ static int parse_args(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     {"log"      , required_argument, NULL, 'l'},
     {"diff"     , required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
     {"port"     , required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
-    {"elf"      , required_argument, NULL, 'f'},
     {"help"     , no_argument      , NULL, 'h'},
     {0          , 0                , NULL,  0 },
   };
@@ -85,7 +82,6 @@ static int parse_args(int argc, char *argv[]) {
       case 'p': sscanf(optarg, "%d", &difftest_port); break;
       case 'l': log_file = optarg; break;
       case 'd': diff_so_file = optarg; break;
-      case 'f': elf_file = optarg; break;
       case 1: img_file = optarg; return 0;
       default:
         printf("Usage: %s [OPTION...] IMAGE [args]\n\n", argv[0]);
@@ -93,7 +89,6 @@ static int parse_args(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         printf("\t-l,--log=FILE           output log to FILE\n");
         printf("\t-d,--diff=REF_SO        run DiffTest with reference REF_SO\n");
         printf("\t-p,--port=PORT          run DiffTest with port PORT\n");
-        printf("\t-f,--elf=FILE           elf file with debug info\n");
         printf("\n");
         exit(0);
     }
@@ -131,12 +126,6 @@ void init_monitor(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   /* Initialize the simple debugger. */
   init_sdb();
 
-  // printf("elf_file: %s\n", elf_file);
-  if(elf_file != NULL) {
-    void init_elf(const char *path);
-    init_elf(elf_file);
-  }
-
 #ifndef CONFIG_ISA_loongarch32r
   IFDEF(CONFIG_ITRACE, init_disasm(
     MUXDEF(CONFIG_ISA_x86,     "i686",
diff --git a/nemu/src/monitor/sdb/addrexp.y b/nemu/src/monitor/sdb/addrexp.y
index 4094e0b..8e7df9a 100644
--- a/nemu/src/monitor/sdb/addrexp.y
+++ b/nemu/src/monitor/sdb/addrexp.y
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 }
 %{
     #include <common.h>
-    #include <utils.h>
     #include <isa.h>
     #include <stdio.h>
     #include <stdlib.h>
diff --git a/nemu/src/utils/ftrace.c b/nemu/src/utils/ftrace.c
deleted file mode 100644
index ec668c0..0000000
--- a/nemu/src/utils/ftrace.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <common.h>
-#include <elf.h>
-#include <ftrace.h>
-#include <utils.h>
-
-// Put this into another file
-#ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE
-static vaddr_t ftrace_stack[CONFIG_FTRACE_STACK_SIZE] = {0};
-static vaddr_t ftrace_stack_len = 0;
-func_t *func_table = NULL;
-int func_table_len = 0, func_table_size = 8;
-#endif
-
-static int cmp_func_t(const void *a, const void *b) {
-  return ((func_t *)a)->start > ((func_t *)b)->start;
-}
-
-static func_t *get_func(vaddr_t addr) {
-  int l = 0, r = func_table_len - 1;
-  while(l <= r) {
-    int mid = (l + r) / 2;
-    if(func_table[mid].start <= addr)  l = mid + 1;
-    else r = mid - 1;
-  }
-  return l == 0 ? NULL : &func_table[l - 1];
-}
-
-void init_elf(const char *path) {
-  FILE *elf_file = fopen(path, "rb");
-  Elf32_Ehdr header;
-  Elf32_Shdr section_header[200], *psh;
-
-  func_table = (func_t *)calloc(func_table_size, sizeof(func_t));
-  assert(func_table);
-
-  FAILED_GOTO(failed_header, fread(&header, sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr), 1, elf_file) <= 0);
-  FAILED_GOTO(failed_header, fseek(elf_file, header.e_shoff, SEEK_SET) != 0);
-  FAILED_GOTO(failed_header, fread(section_header, header.e_shentsize, header.e_shnum, elf_file) <= 0);
-
-  char *shstrtab = calloc(1, section_header[header.e_shstrndx].sh_size);
-  FAILED_GOTO(failed_shstrtab, fseek(elf_file, section_header[header.e_shstrndx].sh_offset, SEEK_SET) != 0);
-  FAILED_GOTO(failed_shstrtab, fread(shstrtab, section_header[header.e_shstrndx].sh_size, 1, elf_file) <= 0);
-
-  Elf32_Shdr *symtab = NULL, *strtab = NULL;
-  for(int i = 0; i < header.e_shnum; i++) {
-    psh = section_header + i;
-    if (psh->sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB) {
-      symtab = psh;
-    } else if (psh->sh_type == SHT_STRTAB && strncmp(shstrtab + psh->sh_name, ".strtab", 8) == 0) {
-      strtab = psh;
-    }
-  }
-
-  int sym_length = symtab->sh_size / sizeof(Elf32_Sym);
-  Elf32_Sym *sym = calloc(sym_length, sizeof(Elf32_Sym));
-  assert(sym);
-  FAILED_GOTO(failed_funcname, fseek(elf_file, symtab->sh_offset, SEEK_SET) != 0);
-  FAILED_GOTO(failed_funcname, fread(sym, sizeof(Elf32_Sym), sym_length, elf_file) <= 0);
-  
-  for(int j = 0; j < sym_length; j++) {
-    if(ELF32_ST_TYPE(sym[j].st_info) != STT_FUNC) continue;
-    // Only read function type symbol
-    func_t *f = &func_table[func_table_len];
-    char *func = (char *)malloc(30);
-    FAILED_GOTO(failed_funcname, fseek(elf_file, strtab->sh_offset + sym[j].st_name, SEEK_SET) != 0);
-    FAILED_GOTO(failed_funcname, fgets(func, 30, elf_file) <= 0);
-    f->start = sym[j].st_value;
-    f->len = sym[j].st_size;
-    f->name = func;
-    ++func_table_len;
-    if(func_table_len >= func_table_size) {
-      Assert(func_table_size * 2 > func_table_size, "Function table exceed memory limit");
-      func_table_size *= 2;
-      func_table = realloc(func_table, func_table_size * sizeof(func_t));
-      Assert(func_table, "Function table exceed memory limit");
-    }
-  }
-  qsort(func_table, func_table_len, sizeof(func_t), cmp_func_t);
-  goto success;
-
-success:
-  free(sym);
-  free(shstrtab);
-  return;
-
-failed_funcname:
-  free(sym);
-failed_shstrtab:
-  free(shstrtab);
-failed_header:
-  for(int i = 0; i < func_table_len; i++) {
-    func_t *f = &func_table[i];
-    if(f->name) { free(f->name); }
-  } 
-  free(func_table);
-  Error("Failed reading elf file");
-  return;
-}
-
-void ftrace_call(vaddr_t pc, vaddr_t addr) {
-  func_t *f = get_func(addr);
-  Assert(ftrace_stack_len < CONFIG_FTRACE_STACK_SIZE,
-         "Ftrace stack exceed size limit, consider turn off ftrace or increase "
-         "FTRACE_STACK_SIZE.");
-  ftrace_stack[ftrace_stack_len] = pc + 4;
-  Trace("%*s0x%x call 0x%x <%s+0x%x>", ftrace_stack_len, "", pc, addr,
-        f == NULL ? "???" : f->name, addr - f->start);
-  ftrace_stack_len++;
-}
-
-void ftrace_return(vaddr_t pc, vaddr_t addr) {
-  --ftrace_stack_len;
-  for (; addr != ftrace_stack[ftrace_stack_len] && ftrace_stack_len >= 0;
-       ftrace_stack_len--) {
-    vaddr_t tco_addr = ftrace_stack[ftrace_stack_len];
-    func_t *f = get_func(tco_addr);
-    Trace("%*s0x%x ret 0x%x <%s+0x%x> (TCO)", ftrace_stack_len, "", pc, tco_addr,
-          f == NULL ? "???" : f->name, tco_addr - f->start);
-  }
-  func_t *f = get_func(addr);
-  Trace("%*s0x%x ret 0x%x <%s+0x%x>", ftrace_stack_len, "", pc, addr, 
-        f == NULL ? "???" : f->name, addr - f->start);
-}
diff --git a/nemu/src/utils/log.c b/nemu/src/utils/log.c
index a041a2d..7939d42 100644
--- a/nemu/src/utils/log.c
+++ b/nemu/src/utils/log.c
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 ***************************************************************************************/
 
 #include <common.h>
-#include <utils.h>
 
 extern uint64_t g_nr_guest_inst;